Ila ttjmɛti nhaṛ jjmɛa ɛla ci gṣɛa f ci ṭbla mɣṛibiya, ṛah ɣadi tkun mcark f waḥd ttaqalid dyal hadi ulufat ssinin. Walakin ɛla ḥsab l minṭaqa lli nta fiha, ɣadi tsmɛ ssmiya dyal dik lgṣɛa katxtalf: kayn lli kaygul liha dyal ksksu u kayn lli kaygul ṭṭɛam.
Had lblan ṛah maci ɣir 2 klmat ɛndhum nfs lmɛna, walakin jjddur lluɣawiya dyal had lklmat kaybiyynu lina kifac lluɣa katbddl, u kifac lmajaz kaywlli ḥqiqa.
1- Sk-su?
Kayn waḥd lɣalat kaydiruh bzzaf dyal nnas kaytsmma tatwaṣlit ccɛbawiya, lli huwwa fac kayḥawlu icrḥu lklma mn cckl dyalha dyal daba. Bḥal lli kaygul b lli lklma lamaziɣiya dyal ksksu lli hiya sksu jat mn sk (dwwz) u ssu (fzzg), zɛma kaddwwz ṭḥin bin lyddin f lftil u katfzzgu b lma.
Had lqissa zwina walakin talsanit katbyn lina b lli had ttfsir dyal sk u ssu mawagfc ɛla ṣṣḥ u kayn tfsir aɛmaq.
Tfsir axuṛ kan daru Salem Chaker, lsayni qbayli, lli ɛtamd fih ɛla ljidr */ks/ (kuwwṛ/ftl), u ṛbṭ sksu mɛa brkuks.
Lmuckil dyal had ttfsir mayqdrc ifssr lina ɛlac ksksu katggal lih sksu u utcu ɛla ḥsab llhja.
Bac nfhmu ɛlac kayn had lfṛq, xṣṣna nhbṭu lqaɛ dyal lamaziɣiya, u nlqaw fiɛl qdim mcarkin fih had lklmat qbl maytfṛṛqu.
2- Mn “lmakla” l “sksu”
Ttbqcic f lamaziɣiya kaybiyyn b lli laṣl lqdim dyal fiɛl “kla” kan huwwa */kta/, u mɛa lwqt, u b sbab ttaṭṭawwuṛ dyal ṣṣwat (bḥal /k/ katwlli /c/, u /t/ katwlli /s/), had lfiɛl xrju mnnu bzzaf dyal lklmat:
- F lamaziɣiya dyal ljanub: ca (kla), ksa (b mɛna rɛa ulla wkkl lksiba), asksu (lmksb), taskukt (fac kaysawbu ksksu), uzuz.
- F lamaziɣiya dyal ccamal/ccrq: tca, u mnnha jat utcu (ksksu).
Iɛni f laṣl, lklma dyal sksu ulla utcu makantc katɛni ɣir haduk lḥbibat dyal ssmida lli kanɛṛfu daba, kanu kiɛniw lmakla b ṣifa ɛamma, ḥit ksksu b lxusus kan aham ḥaja kaytjmɛu ɛliha nnas.
3- Ɛlac kangulu ṭṭɛam f Ddarija?
Mlli Ddarija bdat katban, nnas maṭṛjmuc lklma ḥaṛfiyan, walakin ṭṛjmu lmantiq dyalha. Ḥit lamaziɣ kanu kaysmmiw had lmakla sksu (lli glna f laṣl katɛni “lmakla” b sifa ɛamma), Ddarija xdat nfs lqaɛida u ṭṛa lli kaytsmma ttslaf b lmɛna, ṭṛjmat lmɛna lḥarfi l sksu u smmatu ṭṭɛam.
4- Nnwaɛ dyal ksksu
Qbl mancufu nnwaɛ dyal ksksu, xaṣṣna nfṛṛqu mabin ssmiya lɛamma dyalu lli hiya sksu ulla utcu, u mabin ssmiyat dyal nnwaɛ dyalu, lli kixtalfu mn nahiyat kifac u bac mṣawbin.
- Sksu
- Tummit
- Buffi
- Baddaz
- Abattal
- Ibriyn (dccic)
- Brkuks/brkukc
Had ssmiyat dyal nnwaɛ 3 llxṛin, kullhum jayyin mn waḥd lfiɛl qdim bzzaf lli huwwa */brk/ (lli ɛtana bri, abrrwi, abrruc, abrkuks, abrkukc, uzuz…). Hadi lli ɛtamd fiha Salem Chaker f lfaṛadiya dyalu lli hdṛna ɛliha lfuq, u lli bɣa iqṛa ɛliha mazal aylqaha hna.